Blood vessels have the task of ensuring the supply of oxygen and nutrients to all organs and tissues in the body. Because of this important task, it will be very dangerous if the blood vessels are damaged, for example in the case of broken blood vessels. Blood vessels that rupture in the brain can be fatal, because they can cause the death of brain cells.
The task of blood vessels is considered heavy because they must continuously drain blood throughout our lives. This organ is able to carry more than 6800 liters of blood every day. Throughout the age of humans are still alive, blood vessels will carry up to billions of liters of blood throughout the body. Surprisingly, a person's blood vessels have lengths of more than 96 thousand kilometers or the equivalent of twice around the earth if drawn in a straight line.
Rupture of blood vessels can occur in several places, one of them in the brain. If a ruptured blood vessel occurs in the brain, then this will cause brain hemorrhage or commonly called brain hemorrhage. This bleeding will be fatal because it can cause brain swelling and death of brain cells. It is estimated that around 13 out of 100 people who suffer a stroke are due to brain hemorrhage.
Risk Factors and Causes of Broken Blood Vessels in the Brain
- High blood pressure that occurs for years can cause brittle blood vessel walls. If not treated, high blood pressure can be a major cause of brain hemorrhage.
- The risk of ruptured blood vessels in the brain will be higher if you have risk factors, namely smoking, frequent consumption of alcohol, and using drugs such as heroin and cocaine.
- Severe head injury is one of the most common causes of brain hemorrhage in people under the age of 50 years.
- Aneurysm is a condition where there is widening of the walls of blood vessels. If it is severe, the blood vessels will burst and flood the brain with blood, causing a stroke. The exact cause of this condition is not known with certainty, but is thought to be related to genetic factors and brain blood vessel formation abnormalities.
- Amyloid angiopathy, which is an abnormality of blood vessel walls due to a buildup of beta amyloid protein. This condition can occur in the elderly and people with dementia or Alzheimer's disease.
- Tumors in the brain.
- Vascular disorders or arteriovenous malformations, which are weak blood vessels in and around the brain, experienced by a person from birth.
- Severe liver disease where there is a disruption in the production of blood clotting factors so that the risk of internal bleeding is easier.
- Blood disorders or blood clotting disorders, such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia, which contribute to a decrease in blood platelet levels. Side effects of blood-thinning drugs can also cause bleeding in the brain.
Symptoms of Ruptured Veins
If someone has a ruptured blood vessel in the brain, some of the symptoms below may be experienced.
- A sudden, severe headache.
- Sudden experience tingling or paralysis on the face, arms, or legs.
- Eyes have difficulty seeing, both in one or both.
- Difficulty swallowing.
- Difficult to control body coordination and loss of balance.
- Throws up.
- Loss of consciousness, lethargy, drowsiness, and not aware of the situation around him.
- Having problems related to language skills, whether when writing, speaking, reading, or understanding something.
- Experiencing confusion or delirium
Medical Treatment for Stroke Patients due to Ruptured Blood Vessels
If a stroke occurs due to a ruptured brain blood vessel, the patient must be immediately taken to the hospital emergency room to receive adequate medical treatment. Patients with ruptured blood vessels need to immediately get blood pressure stabilization with medication, and respiratory assistance if oxygen levels in the blood decrease or the patient goes into a coma.
If needed, patients can be given artificial breathing with a ventilator to help ensure the brain and organs get enough oxygen. Provision of fluids and drugs can be given by infusion. Pain medication, corticosteroids, anticonvulsants, and medications to reduce brain swelling can also be given according to the severity of the condition suffered.
At the hospital, the patient needs to be observed closely. Vital signs such as heart rhythm, blood oxygen levels, blood pressure and respiratory rate to monitoring head cavity pressure also need to be monitored closely. Once stable, the next steps will be determined to treat bleeding that occurs, for example whether the patient needs surgery or not.
Many patients can survive after experiencing brain hemorrhage due to ruptured blood vessels. However, this opportunity will decrease if the initial bleeding is too severe or does not receive immediate medical help since the onset of symptoms. Recovery needed by the patient can last for months.
Some patients who survive a ruptured blood vessel in the brain are likely to continue to experience sensory problems, seizures, headaches, insomnia, or memory problems. Therefore, for those who survived this condition still need other additional therapy, ranging from physiotherapy to speech therapy.
Improve Your Lifestyle Starting from Now
A ruptured blood vessel is a condition that can generally be prevented. Prevention is to stop bad habits that can increase risk, such as smoking and consuming excessive alcoholic drinks. In addition, do regular exercise, which is at least 150 minutes per week or 30 minutes every day.
For those of you who suffer from heart disease or high blood pressure, then treating both will reduce the risk of ruptured blood vessels in the brain. For diabetics, maintaining normal blood sugar levels can also help reduce the risk of this happening.
A ruptured blood vessel in the brain is a medical emergency that needs to be treated immediately in a hospital. The sooner it is taken to the doctor, the higher the chances of recovery. Conversely, if handled late, then the risk of causing fatal complications will be higher.
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